Kev nrhiav tau dej haus huv, muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab tus nqi tsim nyog tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem hauv Latin America. Cov kev daws teeb meem kho dej zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv tib neeg thiab ecosystem. Ntawm ntau yam coagulants siv rau hauv kev ntxuav dej haus,Polyaluminium Chloride(PAC) tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws vim nws ua haujlwm tau zoo, tsim nyog tus nqi, thiab siv tau ntau yam hauv ntau yam dej zoo sib txawv.
Tsab xov xwm no yuav qhia txog yuav xaiv qib PAC li cas rau kev kho dej haus hauv Latin America - suav nrog cov cai hauv zos, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej nyoos, thiab kev sib npaug ntawm tus nqi thiab cov txiaj ntsig - los pab cov neeg faib khoom, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab cov chaw haujlwm dej txiav txim siab yuav khoom zoo.
PAC yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj siv rau hauv kev kho dej haus
Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) yog ib qho inorganic polymerCov tshuaj coagulant, siv dav los tshem tawm cov turbidity, xim thiab cov organic impurities ntawm cov dej nyoos. Tsis zoo li cov txhuas sulfate (alum) ib txwm muaj, PAC tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm ntau yam pH dav dua thiab tsim cov flocs muaj zog thiab denser, yog li ntawd nws thiaj li poob sai dua.
Hauv kev kho dej haus, PAC, ua cov coagulant tseem ceeb, sib sau ua ke cov khoom me me, colloids thiab cov organic teeb meem ntuj, ua rau lawv yooj yim tshem tawm los ntawm kev tso dej thiab kev lim dej.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm PAC dua li cov alum ib txwm muaj:
Nws ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv ntau qhov pH (5.0-9.0).
Yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tsawg dua
Tsim cov txhuas seem tsawg dua
Txo cov av nkos
Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lim dej thiab kev pom tseeb
Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau PAC tsim nyog rau cov dej saum npoo av xws li cov dej ntws, cov pas dej thiab cov pas dej - uas yog ib qho uas pom ntau heev hauv cov tebchaws Latin America.
To taub Cov Qib PAC Sib Txawv
Cov qib thiab cov lus qhia ntawm PAC (Polyaluminium chloride) feem ntau yog muab faib ua pawg raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv thov. Raws li cov qauv tsim khoom ntawm PAC tuaj yeem yog cov qauv hauv tebchaws, cov qauv kev lag luam lossis cov qauv chaw tsim khoom, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yuav txawv me ntsis, tab sis cov ntsuas ntsuas tseem ceeb yog thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov hauv qab no yog cov qib tseem ceeb thiab cov cim qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm Yuncang PAC:
| Khoom | PAC-I | PAC-D | PAC-H | PAC-M | PAC-G |
| Qhov tsos | Hmoov daj | Hmoov daj | Hmoov dawb | Mis hmoov | Hmoov dawb mis nyuj |
| Cov Ntsiab Lus (%, Al2O3) | 29 ± 1 | 30 ± 1 | 30 ± 1 | 30 ± 1 | 30 ± 1 |
| Qhov yooj yim (%) | 40 - 90 | 40 - 90 | 40 - 90 | 40 - 90 | 40 - 90 |
| Cov khoom tsis yaj hauv dej (%) | 1.0 MAX | 0.6 SIAB TSHAJ PLAWS | 0.6 SIAB TSHAJ PLAWS | 0.6 SIAB TSHAJ PLAWS | 0.6 SIAB TSHAJ PLAWS |
| pH | 3.0 - 5.0 | 3.0 - 5.0 | 3.0 - 5.0 | 3.0 - 5.0 | 3.0 - 5.0 |
PAC-D
Ib hom PAC xim daj daj, qib dej haus uas muaj cov hlau hnyav tsawg, zoo tagnrho rau kev kho dej haus. Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab kuj siv tau rau kev kho dej hauv kev lag luam dav dav.
PAC-H
PAC hmoov dawb huv heev uas siv dav hauv kev kho dej haus, dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam, electroplating, thiab kev ua ntawv. Nws muab qhov pom tseeb zoo heev thiab tsawg kawg yog cov txhuas seem.
PAC-M
Ib qho dawb mis nyuj, pheej yig dua li PAC-H nrog kev ua tau zoo sib xws hauv kev haus dej thiab kev kho dej hauv kev lag luam.
PAC-G
Ib yam khoom PAC tiam tom ntej uas muab kev kho mob zoo dua li PAC-H thaum tseem pheej yig dua li ob qho tib si PAC-H thiab PAC-M.
PAC-I
Ib hom hmoov daj, PAC qib kev lag luam uas tsim los rau ntau yam kev kho dej khib nyiab, suav nrog cov ntaub, tawv, luam ntawv, zas xim, thiab kev khawb dej ntws. Vim muaj qhov basicity siab, PAC-I ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho cov dej uas muaj turbidity siab thiab muaj qhov sib piv zoo heev ntawm tus nqi thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Cov Teeb Meem Zoo ntawm Dej Haus hauv Latin America
Cov xwm txheej zoo ntawm dej thoob plaws Latin America sib txawv ntau heev los ntawm thaj chaw, cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv qib PAC thiab txoj kev ntsuas.
Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov xwm txheej dej thiab cov teeb meem kev kho dej hauv cov teb chaws tseem ceeb:
| Lub teb chaws | Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej nyoos ib txwm muaj | Kev Sib Tw Tseem Ceeb |
| Brazil | Muaj cov dej ntws hauv thaj chaw sov uas muaj cov av nkos ntau, xim, thiab cov organic ntau. | Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij thiab cov khoom siv organic |
| Argentina | Qhov nruab nrab turbidity thiab colloidal av nplaum | Kev hloov pauv ntawm pH, kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| Chile | Cov dej ntws los ntawm Andes uas muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj turbidity | Kub txias, xav tau kev coagulation zoo |
| Peru | Dej roob uas muaj cov minerals tsawg | Kev kho pH thiab alkalinity |
| Colombia | Cov dej hauv nroog uas muaj cov pa phem organic thiab industrial | COD thiab tshem tawm xim |
Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov xwm txheej dej thiab cov teeb meem kev kho dej hauv cov teb chaws tseem ceeb:
PAC qhov kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim thoob plaws qhov kub thiab pH ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov chaw sib txawv no.
Piv txwv li:
Hauv Brazil, cov kua PAC 10% feem ntau siv rau cov kab ke hauv nroog vim nws ua haujlwm ruaj khov thaum lub caij los nag.
Hauv Chile thiab Peru, cov PAC uas muaj zog heev (85–90%) ua rau cov dej hauv roob kub qis coagulation sai dua.
Polyaluminum Chloride: Cov Cai thiab Cov Qauv Zoo hauv Latin America
Rau kev kho dej haus hauv Latin America, PAC yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hauv tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev cai lij choj feem ntau suav nrog:
Brazil:ABNT NBR 15784 / ANVISA Cov dej haus coagulant txheem
Argentina thiab Chile:Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Salud) Cov Lus Qhia Txog Aluminium Residue (<0.2 mg/L)
Mexico:NOM-127-SSA1-2021 (Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhuas concentration 0.2 mg/L)
WHO (Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb): Cov txhuas seem hauv cov dej kho <0.2 mg/L
Cov khoom PAC zoo siv rau kev kho dej haus feem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
Cov ntsiab lus tsis yaj tsawg (<0.1%)
Cov ntsiab lus hlau tsawg (<0.005%)
Cov ntsiab lus Al₂O₃ siab (≥30%)
Cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lawv cov neeg muab khoom PAC muab cov ntawv pov thawj NSF/ANSI 60, REACH lossis ISO 9001 kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom taug qab tau thiab ua raws li kev nyab xeeb.
Xaiv Tus PAC Tsim Nyog Raws Li Cov Xwm Txheej Hauv Zos
Thaum xaiv PAC rau kev kho dej haus, cov neeg faib khoom thiab cov engineers yuav tsum xav txog peb yam tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
Qhov chaw dej thiab cov yam ntxwv
Cov dej saum npoo av (cov dej ntws, cov pas dej): Siv cov PAC uas muaj alkalinity nruab nrab mus rau siab (70-85%) los kho cov dej turbidity siab thiab cov organic matter.
Dej hauv av los yog dej caij nplooj ntoos hlav: Kev siv cov PAC uas tsis muaj alkali (60-70%) tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej khov tsis khov thiab txo cov txhuas seem.
· Lub Hoobkas tsim thiab lub tshuab dosing
Rau cov chaw tsim khoom loj hauv nroog: Cov kua PAC (10-18%) yooj yim dua rau kev sib tov thiab txo cov hmoov av.
Rau cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog lossis cov kab ke tsis muaj chaw: Cov hmoov PAC muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm khaws cia ntev dua thiab kev thauj mus los yooj yim.
· Kub thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij
Hauv thaj chaw sov (Brazil, Colombia), tus qauv PAC nrog qhov nruab nrab alkalinity yog siv.
Hauv cov cheeb tsam txias dua (xws li Chile thiab sab qab teb Argentina), PAC nrog alkalinity siab dua tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim cov flocs ntawm qhov kub qis.
Cov Neeg Muab Khoom PAC Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Sib Tw Tau
Yuav kom sib tw tau zoo hauv kev lag luam kho dej ntawm Latin America, cov neeg faib khoom yuav tsum:
Koom tes nrog kev ntseeg siabCov chaw tsim khoom PAClos muab kev pabcuam ruaj khov thiab kev txhawb nqa kev siv tshuab.
Muab cov lus qhia hauv zos txog kev noj tshuaj thiab kev sim tshuaj kom zoo.
Muab cov pob khoom xoob thiab cov pob me me rau cov neeg faib khoom hauv zos.
Qhia txog daim ntawv pov thawj (NSF, REACH, ISO) thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo uas taug qab tau ntawm daim ntawv lo khoom.
Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm cov neeg txoj kev paub txog kev ruaj ntseg dej thiab tsoomfwv txoj kev nqis peev rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse, qhov kev thov rau dej haus PAC hauv Latin America yuav txuas ntxiv nce siab. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom lag luam PAC zoo, tau ntawv pov thawj thiab khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv thiab ntim khoom tsim nyog, cov neeg faib khoom tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam.
Yuncang muaj peev xwm muab ntau hom PAC. Yog tias tsim nyog, thov mus saib:Cov Lus Qhia Txog Polyaluminum Chloride
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-05-2025