PDADMAC yog dab tsi?
Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) yog ib qho polymer cationic uas yaj tau hauv dej uas paub txog nws cov khoom zoo heev rau kev sib sau ua ke, kev sib sau ua ke, thiab kev ua kom pom tseeb. Hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, PDADMAC yog ib qho polymer uas muaj cov molecular hnyav nrog qhov ceev ceev zoo, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom me me uas muaj cov nqi tsis zoo hauv dej.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm PDADMAC suav nrog:
- cationic charge density siab: Ua kom cov khoom tsis zoo thiab cov colloids tsis muaj zog.
- Kev yaj dej: Siv tau rau hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv nroog thiab kev lag luam yam tsis muaj cov khoom seem uas tsis yaj.
- Kev ruaj khov ntawm thermal thiab tshuaj lom neeg: Ua haujlwm tau zoo hla ntau yam pH thiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam dej chemistry.
PDADMAC muaj ntau hom, suav nrog kua (emulsion lossis kua) thiab hmoov qhuav, muab kev siv tshuaj yooj yim thiab yooj yim khaws cia. Nws qhov kev hloov pauv ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv dej kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tshem tawm cov dej turbidity thiab txo cov xim.
Yuav ua li cas PDADMAC tshem tawm qhov Turbidity
Lub tshuab tseem ceeb uas PDADMAC tshem tawm qhov turbidity yog neutralization them. Feem ntau cov khoom me me uas raug dai hauv dej, xws li av nplaum, xuab zeb, lossis cov organic colloids, nqa cov nqi tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw. Cov nqi no tsim cov zog repulsive ntawm cov khoom me me, ua rau lawv tawg thiab tiv thaiv kev tso dej.
Thaum ntxiv PDADMAC:
- Cov saw hlau polymer uas muaj cov nqi zoo nqus mus rau ntawm cov khoom me me uas muaj cov nqi tsis zoo.
- Qhov no ua rau cov nqi ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj zog, txo cov electrostatic repulsion.
- Cov khoom me me sib sau ua ke los ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke los ua cov flocs loj dua, uas yooj yim dua los daws lossis lim tawm.
Cov txheej txheem no ua rau kom txo tau qhov turbidity, ua rau cov dej ntshiab dua uas tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem downstream xws li kev lim dej, kev tua kab mob, lossis rov siv dua. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm PDADMAC nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li qhov hnyav molecular, qhov ceev ntawm cov nqi, cov tshuaj, thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm dej, yog li kev ntsuas kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.
PDADMAC Ua Li Cas Thiaj Tshem Tawm Xim?
Feem ntau cov xim ntawm dej yog los ntawm cov organic matter uas yaj hauv dej (DOM), cov xim zas, thiab cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev lag luam. Qhov turbidity yog los ntawm cov khoom me me uas dais hauv dej, thaum cov xim yog ib yam khoom ntawm cov khoom yaj hauv dej thiab cov khoom colloidal.
PDADMAC txo cov xim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- Kev Adsorption: Cov PDADMAC molecules uas muaj cov nqi zoo nyiam cov xim uas muaj cov nqi tsis zoo, tsim cov flocs uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev tso dej lossis kev lim dej.
- Kev Txuas thiab Kev Sib Sau Ua Ke: Cov saw hlau polymer tuaj yeem txuas ntau cov molecule xim, ua kom lawv txoj kev tshem tawm zoo dua.
- Cov nyhuv synergistic nrog lwm cov coagulants: PDADMAC tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog alum, ferric chloride, lossis polyaluminum chloride (PAC) los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm decolorization, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab muaj chroma siab.
PDADMAC muaj ob txoj haujlwm - tshem tawm ob qho tib si turbidity thiab xim - ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov lag luam uas xav tau kev pom tseeb siab thiab zoo nkauj dej zoo nkauj.
Kev Sib Piv ntawm PolyDADMAC nrog Lwm Cov Coagulants thiab Flocculants
PDADMAC feem ntau piv rau cov tshuaj coagulants ib txwm muaj xws li alum (aluminum sulfate), ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), thiab cov polymers non-ionic lossis anionic xws li polyacrylamide (PAM). Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no pab cov kws kho dej xaiv cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshem tawm cov xim thiab cov av nkos.
PDADMAC feem ntau piv rau cov tshuaj coagulants ib txwm muaj xws li alum (aluminum sulfate), ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), thiab cov polymers non-ionic lossis anionic xws li polyacrylamide (PAM). Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no pab cov kws kho dej xaiv cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshem tawm cov xim thiab cov av nkos.
Cov Alum thiab Cov Ntshav Hlau:Cov no yog cov tshuaj coagulants inorganic uas siv dav rau kev ua kom cov khoom me me tsis ruaj khov. Txawm hais tias lawv zoo rau kev tshem tawm qhov turbidity, feem ntau lawv xav tau cov tshuaj ntau, tsim cov sludge ntau, thiab tej zaum yuav tsis zoo rau kev tshem tawm xim.
Polyaluminum Chloride(PAC):Piv rau alum, PAC muaj kev sib xyaw sai dua, kev siv tshuaj tsawg dua, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov nyhuv tshem xim feem ntau tsis tshua muaj, thiab nws muaj qhov pH qis dua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.
PAM (Polyacrylamide):Cov polymers Anionic lossis non-ionic PAM feem ntau yog siv ua flocculants rau cov khoom khov kho tab sis tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj uas yaj ua rau muaj xim.
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDADMAC):Tsis zoo li cov tshuaj saum toj no, PDADMAC muab cov cationic charge density siab nrog cov teebmeem bridging muaj zog, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev hauv kev tshem tawm turbidity thiab txo cov xim. Ntxiv mus, nws tsim cov sludge tsawg dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua li ntawm pH dav dua, muab kev ywj pheej ua haujlwm thiab kev txuag nqi.
Los ntawm kev koom ua ke PDADMAC rau hauv lawv cov txheej txheem kho mob, ntau yam lag luam tuaj yeem ua tiav dej ntshiab dua thaum txo cov kev siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov nqi pov tseg sludge.
Cov Kev Siv PolyDADMAC
PDADMAC Dosage thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Siv
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm PDADMAC nyob ntawm seb siv npaum li cas thiab siv li cas. Cov kev xav tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Kev Siv Tshuaj:Cov koob tshuaj ib txwm siv rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog yog 1–10 mg/L, thiab rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam, 5–50 mg/L. Cov koob tshuaj tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm seb qhov turbidity, xim, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov dej. Kev sim hauv lub rooj ntev raug pom zoo kom txiav txim siab qhov koob tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws.
- Daim Ntawv Thov:PDADMAC tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv cov dej ntws ua cov kua dej uas tau diluted ua ntej lossis ncaj qha rau hauv lub tank flocculation.
- Kev sib xyaw:Yuav tsum tau sib tov maj mam thiab sai ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev faib sib npaug, tom qab ntawd sib tov qeeb qeeb kom txhawb kev tsim cov floc.
- Lub Sijhawm Tiv Tauj:Feem ntau cov flocs tsim nyob rau hauv 10-20 feeb, nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom polymer.
Kev kho cov kev ntsuas no kom zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua kom qhov turbidity thiab tshem tawm xim thaum txo qis kev siv tshuaj lom neeg.
Cov Yam Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm PolyDADMAC
Muaj ntau yam uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm PDADMAC hauv kev kho dej:
- pH dej:PDADMAC ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj qhov pH ntau (4–10), tab sis cov xwm txheej acidic lossis alkaline heev yuav txo nws cov txiaj ntsig.
- Kub:Qhov kub siab dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov floc tsim sai dua, thaum dej txias heev yuav xav tau lub sijhawm sib tov ntev dua.
- Kev Ntsuas Cov Khoom Uas Raug Tshem Tawm:Cov qib turbidity siab yuav xav tau cov tshuaj polymer ntau dua.
- Cov Khoom Siv Organic thiab Xim:Cov dej uas muaj cov humic substances lossis dyes ntau yuav xav tau kev kho ua ntej lossis kev sib xyaw nrog cov inorganic coagulants.
- Kev Sib Tov Sib Zog:Kev sib tov ntau dhau los yog tsis txaus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov flocs uas tau tsim, ua rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm cov turbidity.
Los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov kev ntsuas no thiab kho qhov ntau npaum li cas raws li qhov tsim nyog, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho dej tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig kho mob zoo ib yam.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv PDADMAC
PDADMAC muaj ntau qhov zoo dua piv rau cov tshuaj coagulants thiab flocculants ib txwm muaj, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho dej thiab dej khib nyiab:
- Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo: PDADMAC tshem tawm qhov turbidity sai sai thiab txo cov xim txawm tias siv tsawg tsawg xwb, ua rau txuag tau nqi.
- Ntau yam:Siv tau zoo thoob plaws ntau yam pH, tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv nroog thiab kev lag luam.
- Txo Qhov Ntim Sludge:Tsim cov sludge tsawg dua piv rau cov inorganic coagulants, txo cov nqi pov tseg thiab kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
- Kev Ua Dej Sludge Zoo Dua:Txhim kho qhov nqus ntawm cov sludge, ua kom yooj yim rau kev kho thiab ziab cov txheej txheem.
- Kev Sib Haum Xeeb:Siv tau ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj coagulants (xws li PAC lossis alum) los txhim kho cov txheej txheem kho dej khib nyiab nyuaj.
- Siv Dej Dua:Los ntawm kev txhim kho qhov meej thiab txo cov xim, cov dej kho nrog PDADMAC feem ntau tuaj yeem siv dua hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam lossis tso tawm kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, txhawb nqa cov hom phiaj kev ruaj khov.
Cia thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm PolyDADMAC
Txawm hais tias PDADMAC feem ntau muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev tuav, kev ua raws li cov lus qhia kom zoo ua kom nws ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm:
Kev Khaws Cia:Khaws cov PDADMAC rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav, deb ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kua mis yuav tsum khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv uas tiv taus xeb.
Lub Neej Txee:Lub sijhawm khaws cia ntawm cov kua PDADMAC feem ntau yog 12-24 lub hlis; hmoov PDADMAC muaj lub sijhawm khaws cia ntev dua yog tias khaws cia kom qhuav.
Kev Ua Haujlwm:Hnav hnab looj tes thiab khoom tiv thaiv qhov muag thaum kov cov tshuaj uas muaj zog kom tiv thaiv kev khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis qhov muag.
Kev Pov Tseg:Pov tseg cov polymer thiab cov sludge uas tsis tau siv thaum lub sijhawm ua raws li cov cai ib puag ncig hauv zos.
Cov txheej txheem tuav thiab khaws cia kom zoo yuav ua rau cov polymer ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg teb xov tooj.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Tus Neeg Muag Khoom PDADMAC Txhim Khu Kev Ntseeg Tau
Rau cov lag luam uas siv polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) los tshem tawm cov xim thiab cov av qias, kev xaiv tus neeg muag khoom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog suav nrog:
Kev Paub Txog Kev Tsim Khoom:Cov neeg muab khoom uas muaj ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub dhau los tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam zoo thiab kev txhawb nqa kev siv tshuab.
Cov Khoom Siv Tau Kho Kom Haum:Muab cov qhov hnyav molecular sib txawv, cov nqi ceev, thiab cov ntim khoom kom haum rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Kev Txhawb Nqa:Kev pab txog kev kho kom zoo dua qhov ntau npaum li cas, kev sim tshuaj hauv lub thawv, thiab kev qhia txog kev siv.
Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Kev Muab Khoom:Xyuas kom muaj kev muab khoom tas mus li kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem.
Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj thiab Kev Ua Raws Cai:ISO, REACH, lossis cov kev pom zoo hauv zos lees paub cov qauv zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom.
Kev koom tes nrog tus neeg ntseeg siabTus Muag Khoom PolyDADMAC ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog, thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai.
PDADMAC yog ib qho polymer cationic zoo heev uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm cov turbidity thiab txo cov xim hauv ntau yam dej thiab cov dej khib nyiab. Nws qhov ua tau zoo, kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim, thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov coagulants ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho dej hauv nroog thiab kev lag luam. Rau cov lag luam nrhiav cov dej ntshiab, tsis muaj xim thiab kev tswj hwm sludge zoo tshaj plaws, PDADMAC muab cov txiaj ntsig kev ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam. Kev xaiv tus neeg muag khoom txhim khu kev qha nrog kev txawj ntse ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo, kev ua raws li txoj cai, thiab kev ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-03-2026
