Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)—feem ntau hu uaPDADMAC or PolyDADMAC—yog ib qho polymer cationic zoo heev uas siv dav hauv kev kho dej hauv nroog thiab kev lag luam. Ua ib qho coagulant muaj zog, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm cov turbidity, dewatering sludge, tshem tawm xim, thiab sib cais cov khoom khov thiab kua.
Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias nws siv tau dav dav los xij, ntau lub chaw kho dej ua yuam kev thaum xaiv, ntsuas, thiab siv PDADMAC. Cov yuam kev no tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua haujlwm flocculation txo qis, nce sludge ntim, tshuaj pov tseg, kev pheej hmoo ua raws li txoj cai, thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam tsis tsim nyog.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb nrhiav:
- Cov yuam kev thov PDADMAC feem ntau
- Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm
- Cov tswv yim ua kom zoo dua qub
- Cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij rau cov txheej txheem hauv nroog thiab kev lag luam
Phau ntawv qhia no yog sau los txhawb cov thawj coj ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov kws kho dej, thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev yuav khoom siv tshuaj uas xav kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv cov kev pab cuam flocculant.
Vim li cas PDADMAC thiaj tseem ceeb?
PDADMAC yog ib homopolymer cationic uas tsim los ntawm diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomers. Nws ua haujlwm feem ntau los ntawm:
- Kev tshem tawm cov nqi
- Kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom me me
- Kev sib txuas ntawm cov dej khov
Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
- Cov nqi cationic siab heev
- Kev yaj zoo hauv dej
- Kev ruaj khov thoob plaws ntau yam pH
- Kev sib raug zoo nrog cov inorganic coagulants xws li PAC thiab alum
Nws yog siv rau hauv:
- Kev kho dej haus hauv nroog
- Kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam
- Kev ntxuav cov dej khib nyiab ntawm lub Hoobkas ntawv
- Kev tshem tawm cov xim ntawm cov dej khib nyiab ntawm cov ntaub
- Kev ua kom cov sludge thickening thiab dewatering
Txawm hais tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, kev siv tsis raug tuaj yeem txo nws cov kev ua tau zoo.
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau #1: Kev Noj Tshuaj Tsis Yog (Kev Noj Tshuaj Ntau Dhau Los Yog Kev Noj Tshuaj Tsis Txaus)
Vim Li Cas Nws Thiaj Tshwm Sim
Ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm vam khom cov nqi tshuaj tsis hloov pauv kev kuaj lub thawv ib txwm muaj.Qhov zoo ntawm dej hloov pauv txhua hnub vim yog:
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov turbidity ntawm cov dej
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij nyoog
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa tawm hauv kev lag luam
- Cov xwm txheej los nag
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj tshuaj tsawg dhau
- Kev tsim cov floc tsis zoo
- Cov dej kho muaj qhov turbidity siab
- Nce kev thauj khoom ntawm kev lim dej downstream
Cov Teeb Meem ntawm Kev Noj Tshuaj Ntau Dhau
- Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom me me
- Ntau ntxiv cov sludge
- Cov nqi tshuaj lom neeg siab dua
- Cov teeb meem polymer seem
Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws
- Ua qhov kev sim tshuaj xyuas ib txwm muaj
- Kho cov tshuaj raws li qhov turbidity thiab zeta potential
- Saib xyuas sludge volume index (SVI)
Kev siv tshuaj kom zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem txo cov nqi tshuaj los ntawm 10-25% hauv ntau lub tshuab.
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau #2: Tsis quav ntsej txog Kev Xaiv Qhov Hnyav Molecular
Tsis yog txhua yam khoom PDADMAC zoo ib yam. Qhov hnyav sib txawv ntawm cov molecular cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo.
Qhov Hnyav Molecular Tsawg
- Kev them nqi sai dua
- Haum rau cov dej uas tsis muaj turbidity
Qhov Hnyav Molecular Siab
- Muaj peev xwm txuas tau zoo dua
- Haum rau cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov khoom tawg ntau
Siv qhov hnyav molecular tsis raug feem ntau ua rau:
- Cov flocs tsis muaj zog
- Kev daws teeb meem tsis zoo
- Cov av nkos ntau dhau
- Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws
Ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg muab khoom PDADMAC txhim khu kev qha kom phim:
- Cov yam ntxwv ntawm dej
- Cov theem ntawm qhov turbidity
- Cov ntsiab lus organic
- Lub hom phiaj kho mob
Kev kuaj mob hauv chaw kuaj mob yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej siv tag nrho.
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau #3: Cov Xwm Txheej Sib Tov Tsis Zoo
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm PDADMAC yog nyob ntawm kev sib tov kom zoo.
Tsis Txaus Sib Tov
- Kev faib tawm polymer tsis sib xws
- Kev tshem tawm cov nqi tsis tiav
- Kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau hauv thaj chaw
Kev Sib Xyaws Ntau Dhau
- Txiav cov flocs uas tsim tau
- Txo qhov loj ntawm cov floc
- Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev daws teeb meem
Txoj Kev Sib Xyaws Zoo Tshaj Plaws
- Kev sib tov sai rau kev sib kis thawj zaug (vij)
- Kev sib tov ua kom mos mos (feeb)
- Tsis txhob siv cov twj tso kua mis uas muaj zog heev tom qab tsim cov floc
Kev tsim kho tshuab thiab lub sijhawm khaws cia hydraulic yuav tsum txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm cov floc.
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau #4: Kev Sib Xyaws Tsis Sib Haum Nrog Lwm Cov Tshuaj
PDADMAC feem ntau siv ua ke nrog:
- Polyaluminium chloride (PAC)
- Alum
- Polyacrylamide (PAM)
Kev noj tshuaj tsis raug yuav ua rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm.
Piv txwv ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Tsis Yog
Ntxiv PDADMAC tom qab flocculation twb tshwm sim lawm tej zaum yuav ua rau cov flocs tawg es tsis txhob ua rau lawv muaj zog.
Cov Txheej Txheem Dosing Pom Zoo
- Cov tshuaj inorganic coagulant (PAC los yog alum)
- PDADMAC rau kev them nqi neutralization
- PAM (yog tias xav tau) rau kev txuas
Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb zoo dua qhov kev tshem tawm cov turbidity thiab sludge compaction.
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau #5: Tsis Kho pH thiab Kub
Txawm hais tias PDADMAC ua haujlwm thoob plaws ntau yam pH, kev ua tau zoo sib txawv.
Cov xwm txheej pH qis
- Kev ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm tus nqi
- Kev tsim cov floc sai dua
Cov xwm txheej pH siab
- Txo cov coagulation efficiency
- Kev xav tau tshuaj lom neeg ntau ntxiv
Kub kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau:
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
- Kev nrawm nrawm
- Qhov viscosity
Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws
- Saib xyuas pH tsis tu ncua
- Kho cov tshuaj coagulant thaum lub caij ntuj no
- Ua kom lub sijhawm khaws cia ntev dua thaum lub caij txias
Kev ua kom zoo dua rau lub caij nyoog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau #6: Kev Khaws Cia Thiab Kev Siv Tsis Zoo
PDADMAC yog cov polymer ua kua. Kev khaws cia tsis zoo yuav ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo.
Cov Yuam Kev Khaws Cia Feem Ntau
- Kev raug tshav ntuj ncaj qha
- Kub thiab txias
- Kev kis kab mob los ntawm cov thoob khib nyiab qias neeg
Cov teeb meem no yuav ua rau:
- Kev ua ub ua no tsawg dua
- Ua kom viscosity ntau ntxiv
- Txo lub sijhawm txee
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Khaws Cia
- Khaws cia rau ntawm 5–30°C
- Siv cov tank uas tiv taus corrosion
- Tsis txhob raug kub hnyiab ntev ntev
- Tswj cov txheej txheem dosing kom huv si
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov zoo ua rau kev kho mob tsis sib xws.
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau #7: Tsis quav ntsej txog Kev Tswj Xyuas Sludge
PDADMAC cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av nkos.
Kev noj tshuaj tsis raug yuav ua rau:
- Kev tsim cov sludge ntau dhau
- Kev ua haujlwm dewatering tsis zoo
- Cov nqi pov tseg nce ntxiv
Kev siv tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua rau:
- Txo cov sludge kom tsawg
- Txhim kho qhov qhuav ntawm ncuav mog qab zib
- Cov nqi thauj mus los qis dua
Kev tswj cov sludge yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum xaiv cov flocculants.
Yuam Kev #8: Tsis Muaj Kev Soj Ntsuam Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsis Tu Ncua
Muaj ntau lub chaw tsim khoom tsis ua tiav kev tswj hwm tshuaj lom neeg raws li cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov Cim Qhia Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Saib Xyuas
- Qhov Turbidity (NTU)
- Kev tshem tawm COD
- Zeta muaj peev xwm
- Cov ntsuas ntim sludge
- Kev siv polymer ib m³
Yog tsis taug qab cov kev ntsuas no, kev ua kom zoo dua qub dhau los ua kev kwv yees.
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau #9: Xaiv Raws Li Tus Nqi Xwb
Cov khoom pheej yig yuav muaj:
- Qhov ceev ntawm cov nqi qis dua
- Qhov hnyav molecular tsis sib xws
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov zoo
Ib qho PDADMAC zoo dua me ntsis yuav txo tau tag nrho cov nqi vim yog:
- Qhov yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj tsawg dua
- Kev txhim kho cov sludge compaction
- Txo lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub system
Tag nrho cov nqi kho mob tseem ceeb dua li tus nqi ib chav.
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau #10: Tsis Txhob Sim Ua Ntej Siv Tag Nrho
Txhua qhov chaw tso dej khib nyiab yog qhov tshwj xeeb.
Cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev lag luam sib txawv ntawm:
- Cov chaw tsim khoom siv textile
- Cov chaw ua ntawv
- Cov chaw ua zaub mov
- Kev ua haujlwm khawb av
- Kev sim tsav tsheb ua kom ntseeg tau tias:
- Kev xaiv cov khoom kom raug
- Qhov ntau npaum li cas kom raug
- Kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws
Kev hla cov kauj ruam no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Txhim Kho PDADMAC Kev Ua Haujlwm Hauv Kev Kho Dej
Kauj Ruam 1:
Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Dej Kom Paub Txhua Yam
Tshuaj xyuas:
- Qhov tsis huv
- COD/BOD
- Cov khoom khov uas raug tshem tawm
- pH
- Kub
- Kev coj ua
Kauj Ruam 2:
Ua Kev Ntsuas Lub Thawv Hauv Chav Kuaj Mob
Ua qauv qhia:
- Cov koob tshuaj sib txawv
- Cov qhov hnyav sib txawv ntawm cov molecular
- Ntau yam kev ntsuas tshuaj
Kauj Ruam 3:
Siv Cov Kev Sim Ua Haujlwm Hauv Thaj Chaw Tswj Xyuas
Pib nrog kev noj tshuaj kom ruaj khov thiab saib xyuas:
- Lub sijhawm teeb tsa
- Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av nplaum
- Lub lim dej thauj khoom
Kauj Ruam 4:
Tsim Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm Txheem
Daim Ntawv:
- Cov nqi tshuaj
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke
- Kev hloov kho raws caij nyoog
Kev sib xws ua kom muaj kev kho mob ruaj khov.
PDADMAC hauv Kev Siv Hauv Zos vs Kev Siv Hauv Kev Lag Luam
Kev Kho Dej Haus Hauv Nroog
Cov cheeb tsam uas tsom mus rau:
- Qhov tsis muaj zog tsawg
- Kev ua raws li txoj cai
- Cov seem tsawg kawg nkaus
Feem ntau qhov yuam kev muaj xws li kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau thiab kev sib tov tsis zoo.
Kev Kho Dej Pov Tseg Hauv Kev Lag Luam
Cov cheeb tsam uas tsom mus rau:
- COD siab
- Cov khoom khov kho siab
- Cov qauv sib txawv
Feem ntau qhov yuam kev yog vim xaiv cov khoom tsis raug thiab tsis muaj kev sim ua ntej.
Kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom me me rov qab ruaj khov (cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj huab cua), ua rau cov sludge ntau ntxiv, thiab ua rau cov nqi tshuaj nce siab.
Yog, tab sis kev ua tau zoo yuav txo qis, thiab kev hloov kho koob tshuaj feem ntau yog qhov tsim nyog.
Yog. PDADMAC feem ntau siv ua ke nrog PAC rau kev txhim kho kev coagulation.
Yog. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov molecular cuam tshuam rau kev muaj peev xwm txuas thiab lub zog ntawm floc.
PDADMAC yog ib qho flocculant muaj zog thiab siv tau ntau yam hauv kev kho dej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo nyob ntawm kev xaiv kom raug, kev kho kom zoo dua qub, kev sib tov kom raug, thiab kev saib xyuas lub kaw lus.
Cov yuam kev feem ntau—kev muab tshuaj tsis raug, kev sib tov tsis zoo, kev sib xyaw tshuaj tsis sib haum, kev kuaj tsis txaus, thiab kev khaws cia tsis raug—tuaj yeem txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob thiab ua rau cov nqi khiav lag luam nce ntxiv.
Los ntawm kev siv kev sim hauv chaw kuaj mob, kev sim ua ntej, thiab kev tswj hwm tshuaj lom neeg uas siv cov ntaub ntawv, cov chaw kho dej tuaj yeem ua tau:
- Txhim kho kev tshem tawm cov turbidity
- Txo cov sludge kom tsawg
- Tus nqi kho mob qis dua tag nrho
- Txhim kho qhov system stability
Rau cov kws tshaj lij kho dej, kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm daim ntawv thov PDADMAC tsis yog tsuas yog xaiv cov polymer xwb - nws yog hais txog kev tsim cov tswv yim coagulation tiav thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav kev taw qhia txog kev siv tshuab lossis cov kev daws teeb meem PDADMAC zoo rau kev kho dej hauv nroog lossis kev lag luam, kev ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg muab khoom uas muaj kev paub dhau los uas muab kev txhawb nqa hauv chaw kuaj mob thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm mus sij hawm ntev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-03-2026
